The Role of Inclusive Nationalism in Post-Conflict State-Building: Insights from Rwanda

Abstract

This article examines the synergistic relationship between inclusive nationalism and comprehensive development in stabilising developing states, with Rwanda as a case study. It explores how, following the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi, Rwanda strategically fused civic identity-building efforts with targeted socio-economic development programs to foster stability, national cohesion and peace. By promoting a shared national identity and prioritising broad-based development initiatives, Rwanda has managed to avoid the fragmentation and instability that continue to plague many post-conflict societies. The study contrasts Rwanda’s experience with neighbouring fragile states to highlight the critical role of inclusive governance and effective development strategies in post-conflict reconstruction. It further considers the influence of external actors, such as international donors and regional organisations, on shaping state-building trajectories. The article concludes by proposing that inclusive nationalism, when cultivated alongside comprehensive development, can serve as a powerful catalyst for durable peace, resilience, and sustainable growth in fragile contexts.
Keywords: Nationalism, development, fragile states, Rwanda, Great Lakes Region, peacebuilding